Inside Channel Islands National Park on Santa Rosa Island, 40 miles from the California coastline, there are about 1,100 elk and mule deer that have no idea their fate is being decided 2,700 miles away in Washington, D.C.
California Congressman Duncan Hunter protected the island’s introduced Kaibab mule deer and Roosevelt’s elk in a provision in the 2007 Defense Authorization bill signed by President Bush last October. Then in May, Senators Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, along with Congresswoman Lois Capps, all from California, launched simultaneous bills in the U.S. Senate and Congress to repeal the law and remove the elk and deer from the island.
The tug-of-war surrounding the Santa Rosa herds is nothing new on Capitol Hill. In 2005, Hunter, who has now retired to make a run at U.S. President in the 2008 election, unsuccessfully proposed a bill that would have transferred the island from the Park Service to the U.S. military, creating a military game reserve and training ground for drills. The next year, he tried to keep the herds in place for hunting by disabled veterans.
In the 1920s, Vail and Vickers, a ranching company that owned the island for nearly a century, brought the elk and deer to the island. In 1986, taxpayers paid the Vail and Vickers Company approximately $30 million to acquire Santa Rosa Island and make it part of Channel Islands National Park, with a goal of restoring its native ecology and providing public access.
When Vail and Vickers sold the island, the company negotiated a 25-year lease that allowed them to continue hunting operations until 2011.
Everything seemed settled until Congressman Hunter introduced his new provision. “Duncan Hunter never contacted us,” Will Woolley, a Vail family member told the Associated Press. ”It makes me nervous. It’s not spelled out what our future would be.” But now that Hunter is fighting to keep the animals on the island, the Vail family is, too.
Timothy Vail, one of three cousins that sold the island to the National Park Service, addressed a Senate Energy and Natural Resources subcommittee back in May.
“We believe that after 80 years of occupancy, this is their [elk and deer] home,” Vail said.
Park manager Russell Galipeau disagrees. He says the Park Service’s objective on Santa Rosa Island is to restore the natural processes of the island, and the non-native elk and deer are interfering. In the past, the Park Service has been consistent in dealing with animals it deems as pests. Throughout the five islands that make up the Channel Islands National Park, pigs, donkeys, sheep, rabbits and rats have been eradicated.
The Park Service hired an outfitter—Multiple Use Managers—to participate in some of the eradication projects. Ironically, this is the same outfitter that still provides private guided hunts on Santa Rosa on behalf of Vail and Vickers. The owner of Multiple Use Managers, Gordon Long, says he would like to see the deer and elk remain on the island, and so would many of the park visitors he encounters in the field. “Where else are people going to see Roosevelt’s elk in southern California?” he says.
However, Galipeau counters that visitors are there to see the island’s unique flora and fauna, which for species like the endangered island fox are found nowhere else in the world. In 1994, there were roughly 1,700 Santa Rosa Island fox. In 2000, fox numbers were down to 38, mainly because of predation by a new resident, the golden eagle. The eagles fed on feral pigs and then switched over to the fox after the Park Service eradicated pigs in the early 1990s. Now, fox numbers are slowly rebounding due to eagle relocation and captive fox breeding programs.
For the time being, the fate of the elk and deer on Santa Rosa Island remains in limbo. In June, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to repeal Hunter’s provision, and that repeal is part of the 2008 Interior Department spending bill, which still needs votes from the full Senate and House.
Feinstein said, “The goal of my legislation is simply to repeal this provision—no more and no less.”
While they may disagree about the elk and deer, Vail and Vickers, Long and the Park Service have worked closely together coordinating private hunting and public visitation, and all parties agree they have worked well together in the past. Though somewhat insulated from dissension and controversy, the island is affected by mounting tensions in the political arena.
“Our relationship has always been good,” park manager Galipeau says. “But, unfortunately, it has become difficult because of the legislation.”